In 1808, he assisted President Thomas Jefferson's attorney general in United States v. He made the first of his many arguments before the United States Supreme Court in 1807.
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He assisted his uncle Philip Barton Key in the sensational conspiracy trial of Aaron Burr and in the expulsion of Senator John Smith of Ohio. He and his family settled in Georgetown in 1805 or 1806, near the new national capital. Key was a leading attorney in Frederick, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., for many years, with an extensive real estate and trial practice. Key law office on Court Street in Frederick, Maryland The song was finally adopted as the American national anthem more than a century after its first publication by Act of Congress in 1931 signed by President Herbert Hoover. It was somewhat difficult to sing, yet it became increasingly popular, competing with " Hail, Columbia" (1796) as the de facto national anthem by the time of the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. It was soon published in newspapers first in Baltimore and then across the nation, and given the new title The Star-Spangled Banner. When printed as a broadside the next day, it was given the title "Defence of Fort M'Henry” with the notation: "Tune – Anacreon in Heaven" This was a popular tune that Key had already used as a setting for his 1805 song "When the Warrior Returns", celebrating American heroes of the First Barbary War. When they arrived in Baltimore that evening, Key completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, His finished manuscript was untitled and unsigned. On September 16, Key, Skinner and Beanes were released from the fleet. įort McHenry looking towards the position of the British ships (with the Francis Scott Key Bridge in the distance on the upper left)Īt dawn, Key was able to see a large American flag waving over the fort, and he started writing a poem about his experience, on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. Key was unable to do anything but watch the 25-hour bombardment of the American forces at Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore from dawn of September 13 through the morning of the 14th, 1814. Skinner, Key, and the released Beanes were allowed to return to their own truce ship, under guard, but not allowed to leave the fleet because they had become familiar with the strength and position of the British units and their intention to launch an attack upon Baltimore. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of some British soldiers (stragglers withdrawing after the Washington campaign) who were pillaging homes. William Beanes, an elderly resident of Upper Marlboro, Maryland, and a friend of Key, who had been captured in his home on August 28, 1814. Skinner and Key were there to plead for the release of Dr. Early life ĭuring the War of 1812, following the Burning of Washington in August 1814, on September 7, 1814, Key and American Agent for Prisoners of War, Colonel John Stuart Skinner dined aboard HMS Tonnant as the guests of Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, and Major General Robert Ross. At the time of his death he owned eight slaves.
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He publicly criticized slavery and gave free legal representation to some slaves seeking freedom, but he also represented owners of runaway slaves. He freed some of his slaves in the 1830s, paying one ex-slave as his farm foreman to supervise his other slaves. He was also a leader of the American Colonization Society which sent freed slaves to Africa. As District Attorney, he suppressed abolitionists, and in 1836 lost a case against Reuben Crandall where he accused the defendant's abolitionist publications of instigating slaves to rebel. Key owned slaves from 1800, during which time abolitionists ridiculed his words, claiming that America was more like the "Land of the Free and Home of the Oppressed".
He was nominated for District Attorney for the District of Columbia by President Andrew Jackson, where he served from 1833 to 1841. for four decades and worked on important cases, including the Burr conspiracy trial, and he argued numerous times before the Supreme Court. Key was a lawyer in Maryland and Washington, D.C. The song with Key's lyrics became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and slowly gained in popularity as an unofficial anthem, finally achieving official status more than a century later under President Herbert Hoover as the national anthem. He was inspired upon seeing the American flag still flying over the fort at dawn and wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry" it was published within a week with the suggested tune of the popular song " To Anacreon in Heaven". Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in 1814 during the War of 1812. national anthem, " The Star-Spangled Banner". Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet from Frederick, Maryland, best known as the author of the U.S.
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